tomcat 入门(安装配置篇)

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tomcat简介

Tomcat 服务器是一个免费的开放源代码的Web 应用服务器，Tomcat是Apache 软件基金会（Apache Software Foundation）的Jakarta 项目中的一个核心项目，它早期的名称为catalina，后来由Apache、Sun 和其他一些公司及个人共同开发而成，并更名为Tomcat。Tomcat 是一个小型的轻量级应用服务器，在中小型系统和并发访问用户不是很多的场合下被普遍使用，是开发和调试JSP 程序的首选，因为Tomcat 技术先进、性能稳定，成为目前比较流行的Web 应用服务器。Tomcat是应用（java）服务器，它只是一个servlet容器，是Apache的扩展，但它是独立运行的。目前最新的版本为Tomcat 8.0.24 Released。

Tomcat不是一个完整意义上的Jave EE服务器，它甚至都没有提供对哪怕是一个主要Java EE API的实现；但由于遵守apache开源协议，tomcat却又为众多的java应用程序服务器嵌入自己的产品中构建商业的java应用程序服务器，如JBoss和JOnAS。尽管Tomcat对Jave EE API的实现并不完整，然而很企业也在渐渐抛弃使用传统的Java EE技术（如EJB）转而采用一些开源组件来构建复杂的应用。这些开源组件如Structs、Spring和Hibernate，而Tomcat能够对这些组件实现完美的支持。

详细请参考-运维生存时间

1、安装环境:

Centos 7 tomcat版本: apache-tomcat-8.5.42.tar java版本: java8

官方网站

下载tomcat8

2、安装

上传至Linux 服务器

创建tomcat安装目录

mkdir /tomcat

解压tomcat、jdk

[root@node1 tomcat]# ll
总用量 178712
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root   9711748 7月   9 10:55 apache-tomcat-8.5.42.tar.gz
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 173281904 7月   9 10:55 jdk-8u51-linux-x64.tar.gz
[root@node1 tomcat]# tar xf jdk-8u51-linux-x64.tar.gz 
[root@node1 tomcat]# tar xf apache-tomcat-8.5.42.tar.gz 
[root@node1 tomcat]#

软件列表

3、启动脚本配置
#!/bin/bash
source /etc/sysconfig/i18n
export JAVA_HOME=/tomcat/jdk1.8.0_51
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JAVA_HOME/jre/bin:$PATH   --配置启动java
export CLASSPATH=.$CLASSPATH:$JAVA_HOME/lib:$JAVA_HOME/jre/lib:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
export TOMCAT_HOME=/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.42/
export PATH=$PATH:$TOMCAT_HOME/bin
#export JAVA_OPTS="$JAVA_OPTS -Xms10000m -Xmx10000m -Xmn4000m -XX:PermSize=256m -XX:MaxPermSize=512m"    -配置程序内存
PROG="tomcat"
IP_ADDR=$(/sbin/ifconfig eth0 | grep "inet addr" | awk '{print $2}' | awk -F ":" '{print $2}')
tomcat_start()  ---启动tomcat
{
        rm -fr /tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.42/work/*     ----删除缓存
        rm -fr /tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.42/temp/*     ----删除临时缓存

        echo  $"Starting $IP_ADDR $PROG: "
        cd /tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.42/bin/
        ./startup.sh
        echo "tomcat 8 starting......"

}
tomcat_log()    ---查看程序日志
{
        echo -n $"ShowLoging $IP_ADDR $PROG log: "
        tail -n200 -f /tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.42/logs/catalina.out
}
tomcat_stop()  ---停止tomcat
{
    echo $"Stopping $IP_ADDR $PROG: "
        kill $(ps -ef | grep java | grep -v "grep" | grep "apache-tomcat" |awk -F ' ' '{print $2}')
        sleep 12
        TOMCAT_STATUS1=$(ps -ef | grep java | grep -v "grep"| grep "apache-tomcat")
        if [ -n "$TOMCAT_STATUS1" ];then
                echo "Run Kill -9"
                kill -9 $(ps -ef | grep java | grep -v "grep" | grep "apache-tomcat" |awk -F " " '{print $2}')
                sleep 2
        fi
        TOMCAT_STATUS2=$(ps -ef | grep java | grep -v "grep"| grep "apache-tomcat" )
        if [ -z "$TOMCAT_STATUS2" ];then
                echo "Tomcat Stop ok"
        else
                exit 1
        fi
}
tomcat_status()   ---查看tomcat程序状态
{
        ps -ef | grep java | grep -v "grep"| grep "tomcat"
}
case "$1" in
start)
        tomcat_start;
        ;;
stop)
        tomcat_stop;
        ;;
restart)
        tomcat_stop;
        tomcat_start;
        ;;
status)
                tomcat_status;
                ;;
log)
        tomcat_log;
                ;;
*)
        echo $"Usage: $prog {start | stop | restart | log | status}"
        exit 1
esac

tomcat 需要jdk才能运行，上面解压以后我是在tomcat启动脚本里面配置的jdk目录，也可以定义在系统全局变量里面，但是我不会这么做，因为我们的环境经常是运行多个实例且JDK版本要求不同，如果安装多个jdk会造成全局冲突

全局变量定义方式:

vim /etc/profile
写入以下内容:
export JAVA_HOME=/jboss/jdk1.8.0_51
export CLASSPATH=$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
export JRE_HOME=$JAVA_HOME/jre
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
source /etc/profile -- 生效配置
验证java
[root@node1 ~]# java -version
java version "1.8.0_51"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_51-b16)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.51-b03, mixed mode)
[root@node1 ~]#

jdk.png

4、启动tomcat
[root@node1 ~]# ./tomcat.sh start   ---启动服务
Starting  tomcat: 
Using CATALINA_BASE:   /tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.42
Using CATALINA_HOME:   /tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.42
Using CATALINA_TMPDIR: /tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.42/temp
Using JRE_HOME:        /jboss/jdk1.8.0_51/jre
Using CLASSPATH:       /tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.42/bin/bootstrap.jar:/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.42/bin/tomcat-juli.jar
Tomcat started.
tomcat 8 starting......
[root@node1 ~]# ./tomcat.sh status
root     24103     1  0 11:39 ?        00:00:04 /jboss/jdk1.8.0_51/jre/bin/java -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.42/conf/logging.properties -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager -Xms1000m -Xmx1000m -Xmn400m -XX:PermSize=256m -XX:MaxPermSize=512m -Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048 -Djava.protocol.handler.pkgs=org.apache.catalina.webresources -Dorg.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener.UMASK=0027 -Dignore.endorsed.dirs= -classpath /tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.42/bin/bootstrap.jar:/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.42/bin/tomcat-juli.jar -Dcatalina.base=/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.42 -Dcatalina.home=/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.42 -Djava.io.tmpdir=/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.42/temp org.apache.catalina.startup.Bootstrap start

    09-Jul-2019 11:39:42.759 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server version:        Apache Tomcat/8.5.42
09-Jul-2019 11:39:42.763 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server built:          Jun 4 2019 20:29:04 UTC
09-Jul-2019 11:39:42.763 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Server number:         8.5.42.0
09-Jul-2019 11:39:42.763 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log OS Name:               Linux
09-Jul-2019 11:39:42.763 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log OS Version:            3.10.0-327.el7.x86_64
09-Jul-2019 11:39:42.763 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Architecture:          amd64
09-Jul-2019 11:39:42.763 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Java Home:             /jboss/jdk1.8.0_51/jre
09-Jul-2019 11:39:42.763 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log JVM Version:           1.8.0_51-b16
09-Jul-2019 11:39:42.763 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log JVM Vendor:            Oracle Corporation
09-Jul-2019 11:39:42.763 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log CATALINA_BASE:         /tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.42
09-Jul-2019 11:39:42.764 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log CATALINA_HOME:         /tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.42
09-Jul-2019 11:39:42.764 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.util.logging.config.file=/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.42/conf/logging.properties
09-Jul-2019 11:39:42.764 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.util.logging.manager=org.apache.juli.ClassLoaderLogManager
09-Jul-2019 11:39:42.764 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Xms1000m
09-Jul-2019 11:39:42.764 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Xmx1000m
09-Jul-2019 11:39:42.764 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Xmn400m
09-Jul-2019 11:39:42.764 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -XX:PermSize=256m
09-Jul-2019 11:39:42.764 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -XX:MaxPermSize=512m
09-Jul-2019 11:39:42.764 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djdk.tls.ephemeralDHKeySize=2048
09-Jul-2019 11:39:42.765 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.protocol.handler.pkgs=org.apache.catalina.webresources
09-Jul-2019 11:39:42.765 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dorg.apache.catalina.security.SecurityListener.UMASK=0027
09-Jul-2019 11:39:42.765 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dignore.endorsed.dirs=
09-Jul-2019 11:39:42.765 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dcatalina.base=/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.42
09-Jul-2019 11:39:42.765 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Dcatalina.home=/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.42
09-Jul-2019 11:39:42.765 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.VersionLoggerListener.log Command line argument: -Djava.io.tmpdir=/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.42/temp
09-Jul-2019 11:39:42.765 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.core.AprLifecycleListener.lifecycleEvent The APR based Apache Tomcat Native library which allows optimal performance in production environments was not found on the java.library.path: [/usr/java/packages/lib/amd64:/usr/lib64:/lib64:/lib:/usr/lib]
09-Jul-2019 11:39:43.048 信息 [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.init Initializing ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8080"]
09-Jul-2019 11:39:43.071 信息 [main] org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioSelectorPool.getSharedSelector Using a shared selector for servlet write/read
09-Jul-2019 11:39:43.095 信息 [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.init Initializing ProtocolHandler ["ajp-nio-8009"]
09-Jul-2019 11:39:43.113 信息 [main] org.apache.tomcat.util.net.NioSelectorPool.getSharedSelector Using a shared selector for servlet write/read
09-Jul-2019 11:39:43.124 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.load Initialization processed in 1109 ms
09-Jul-2019 11:39:43.158 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardService.startInternal Starting service [Catalina]
09-Jul-2019 11:39:43.158 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngine.startInternal Starting Servlet Engine: Apache Tomcat/8.5.42
09-Jul-2019 11:39:43.207 信息 [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deploying web application directory [/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.42/webapps/ROOT]
09-Jul-2019 11:44:19.656 警告 [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.util.SessionIdGeneratorBase.createSecureRandom Creation of SecureRandom instance for session ID generation using [SHA1PRNG] took [276,003] milliseconds.
09-Jul-2019 11:44:19.697 信息 [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deployment of web application directory [/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.42/webapps/ROOT] has finished in [276,491] ms
09-Jul-2019 11:44:19.697 信息 [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deploying web application directory [/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.42/webapps/docs]
09-Jul-2019 11:44:19.739 信息 [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deployment of web application directory [/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.42/webapps/docs] has finished in [42] ms
09-Jul-2019 11:44:19.739 信息 [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deploying web application directory [/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.42/webapps/examples]
09-Jul-2019 11:44:20.212 信息 [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deployment of web application directory [/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.42/webapps/examples] has finished in [473] ms
09-Jul-2019 11:44:20.213 信息 [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deploying web application directory [/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.42/webapps/host-manager]
09-Jul-2019 11:44:20.266 信息 [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deployment of web application directory [/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.42/webapps/host-manager] has finished in [53] ms
09-Jul-2019 11:44:20.266 信息 [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deploying web application directory [/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.42/webapps/manager]
09-Jul-2019 11:44:20.293 信息 [localhost-startStop-1] org.apache.catalina.startup.HostConfig.deployDirectory Deployment of web application directory [/tomcat/apache-tomcat-8.5.42/webapps/manager] has finished in [27] ms
09-Jul-2019 11:44:20.314 信息 [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.start Starting ProtocolHandler ["http-nio-8080"]
09-Jul-2019 11:44:20.342 信息 [main] org.apache.coyote.AbstractProtocol.start Starting ProtocolHandler ["ajp-nio-8009"]
09-Jul-2019 11:44:20.344 信息 [main] org.apache.catalina.startup.Catalina.start Server startup in 277219 ms    ----看到此输出，程序就已经正常启动

通过浏览器访问tomcat服务,tomcat 默认端口号为8080

http://ipaddr:8080

tomcat.png
tomcat端口可在/conf/server.xml文件中修改

67    Define a non-SSL/TLS HTTP/1.1 Connector on port 8080
 68    -->
 69    <Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"    --将8080修改为80或其他需要的端口
 70               connectionTimeout="20000"
 71               redirectPort="8443" />
 72    <!-- A "Connector" using the shared thread pool-->

8080.png
tomcat已安装完毕

5、tomcat目录结构说明

目录结构.png

bin             -- 程序启动目录
conf            -- 配置文件目录
lib                -- 库文件目录
logs            -- 日志文件目录
temp            -- 临时缓存目录
webapps            -- web 应用家目录
work            -- 工作缓存目录
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